Glossary

Acclimated: to become accustomed to. In the case of fish stocking, water temperature of the fish stock water and the lake or pond should be roughly the same before
releasing fish.

Adjuvant: a substance added to a spray solution to assist in the performance of the product. Usually functions in helping chemical stick to, wet, penetrate the plant surface.

Aerobic: in the presence of oxygen.

Algaecide: a substance (chemical) which kills algae.

Anaerobic: devoid of oxygen.

Aquaculture: the cultivation of marine of freshwater organisms under controlled environmental conditions.

Berm: a raised edge or shoulder running along the edge of a pond to prevent direct surface run-off
from entering.

Biodegradation: the decomposition or breakdown of a substance into its basic chemical components through the action of bacteria and other microorganisms.

BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand): a standard laboratory test (usually done on wastewater) to determine the amount of oxygen required to decomposed organic materials and oxidize inorganic substances within a water sample incubated at 20 degrees celsius over a set period of time.

Chelated: chemical terminology used to describe a specific type of compound in which a metal is bound or held by two or more other chemical substances. The chelated metal will have unique properties unlike the metal in its uncombined form.

Contact Herbicide: a products which kills weeds by destroying the surface of plant foliage causing them to wilt, discolor or dry up.

Desiccation: to lose moisture or dry up.

Destratification: the loss of layering or as in the case of water, the missing of waters at various temperatures and depths within the water column until an average, uniform temperature is reached. Destratification occurs naturally in spring and fall as waters warm and cool, respectively or can be induced with the use of
aeration equipment.

Effluent: water being discharged or flowing out such as at an outflow. Often refers to water leaving a sewage treatment pond or facility.

Eutrophic/Eutrophication: being nutrient enriched or the process of nutrient enrichment of a body of water. A category within a lake or pond water quality classification system.

Exotic: referring to something which is not native to an area. Plants or animals which have been introduced from other geographical regions, often by man.

Formulation: the forming which a chemical is available for use (e.g. liquid, granular, powder, etc.)

Herbicide: a substance (chemical) which kills vascular plants. Vascular plants are those which have internal systems for transporting nutrients, water and gases.

Herbivore: an animal which consumes plants.

Invertebrate: animals without backbones (e.g. insects, crustaceans, mollusks, etc.).

Midrib: the central “vein” of a leaf, usually distinguished by being sturdier and more pronounced than the rest of the leaf.

Non-Ionic Surfactant: a soap-like additive used in a spray solution to improve its sticking and wetting properties when applied to plant foliage. Non-ionic refers to solution without any electrical charge.

Non-Target Organism: a plant or animal not intended to be harmed or killed by the application of a chemical.

Pathogen: a disease-producing organism.

Petiole: the stalk connecting a leaf to the stem.

Photosynthesis: the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars (carbohydrates) using sunlight as the energy source.

Precipitate:

1. the chemical process in which a substance in solution reacts with other chemical constituents making it insoluble so that it falls out of solution.
2. the insoluble substance formed by such a reaction.

Rhizome: a root-like underground stem (usually growing horizontally) capable of producing plant shoots from the top and roots from the bottom.

Rootstock: a root containing buds. Also used synonymously with rhizome.

Spike: an elongated unbranched stalk containing close rows of flowers
(or seeds).

Summerkill: a die-of of fish occurring during warm weather caused by oxygen depletion. Results from decomposition or respiration of aquatic plants and the inability of warm water to retain high enough concentrations of dissolved oxygen.

Systemic: refers to a chemical which is taken (absorbed) into a plant disrupting one or more internal biological processes such as photosynthesis, growth, flower productions, etc.

Thermal Stratification: the layering of water within a lake or pond resulting from water at different temperatures having different densities. Water is heaviest at 39 degrees fahrenheit (4 degrees celsius), therefore, warmer or colder water will be found above this strata.

Tuber: a fleshy outgrowth of an underground shoot used for storage of carbohydrates and capable of producing new growth (a potato is an example of a tuber).

Watershed: the drainage area feeding into a body of water. This would include all upland areas, rivers, streams, spring and groundwater contributing to a surface water supply.

Winterkill: a fish die-off occurring during ice cover caused by oxygen depletion. Results from the decomposition of plants and organic materials using up available oxygen and the inability of plants to photosynthesize (produce oxygen) under snow-covered ice.

Zooplankton: tiny floating or drifting animals found within the water column. Some of these may be microscopic (not visible to the naked eye). Many feed upon planktonic algae or particulates in the water and, in turn, are fed upon by aquatic insects and fish.

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